Jammu Landslide, Rock Slope classification

A note on  assessment of Rock Slope stability in the field based on SMR,  a case study at Ramban to Banihal highway poject Km 164+800, Jammu and Kashmir

 1. Introduction and Geology: The existing Jammu to Srinagar highway connect Srinagar to Jammu and India which play a crucial role in the field of land transportation. It is a very critical stretch having steep and rugged terrain. Granitic gneiss rock at the above said stretch belongs to Salkhala formation of Precambrian age. Grey to dark grey granitic gneiss is well exposed along the existing road with intercalation of quartzite and thinly layered mica schist. Medium to coarse grained granitic gneiss is well compacted, massive and partially weathered on surface with normally dry to wet water condition. Rock slope at this location is having an angle 60 to 80 degree, facing towards N 265-280 degree. 

2.   Rock Mass Rating (RMR):Rock mass classification (RMR) system is introduced by Bieniwaski in 1976 in details to classify the rock class based on  geo-mechnical characters in the field. This system is refined latter in 1989 to estimate the strength of the rock mass. The following six parameters are used to classify a rock mass based on values and rating (0 to 100): 

a. Uniaxial compressive strength of rock material. b. Rock Quality Designation (RQD). c. Spacing of discontinuities. d. Condition of discontinuities. e. Groundwater conditions. f. Orientation of discontinuities. The field data have been collected from sites which are as follows:

     

    Granitic gneiss consisting three sets of joints including one sets of random joint. Most prominent foliation joint is directed toward NE with moderate dip angle. 2^nd set of joint is directed opposite to foliation joint with moderate to high dip angle. Third joint set directed perpendicular (SE and NWW) to foliation with high dip angle. Sometime it is almost vertical. Joint planes are partiality weathered, plane rough and open at surface. Persistence of joint sets is moderate to high. Based of field data, granitic gneiss is classify as below at this location.

Jobs in Geology, What can i do after degree to get a Jobs

In the field of Geology there is no more option to get a job in geological field after graduation but if you can go for master degree o higher study than there is many job options like government job as well as in private field. you can apply like GSI, ONGC, UPSc, academic field in government sector and there are many private organization too which have selected geologist, mineralogist, Geophysicists, engineering geologist every year.

Major Challenges in Indian agriculture these days

Major Challenges in Indian agriculture these days:

As we have knows that around 70% of Indian population is depend on our agriculture. But our government spend only less than 10%  of total budget. So the government have not taken correct initiative which directly affect the actual ground. In the other hand the Minimum support price is also not as per ground reality. Indian farmers literacy rate is very low which is major concern to Indian agriculture. The banks are not providing KCC loan to the farmer without hidden service charge which may be up to 10% of loan amount. We must treat a farmer as a businessmen and convert the agriculture as a business. Farmer will be free to decide his product MRP cost based on input price. If the government make proper policy for farming sector it can contribute more 30% in our GDP. 

Construction process after Piling work

Ans. Construction process after Piling work: If you are completed piling work than fist of all pile load test will be conducted on the piles to check the desired SBC. Then the raft work will be carried out on pile for construction activity. Further the other construction activity will be carried out.

Coal Mine in Mangolia

Coal mine in Mangolia:

Mangolian has 8- 10% of the world"s coal reserves. Five hill coal reserved in Mongolia is the largest coal deposit in the world which is yet to be exploited, belong to southern Mangolia. Currently Tavan Tolgoi is the largest mine where the production is going on. The coal grade of this mine belongs near to the anthracite. Oyu Tolgoi, Khushuut and Nuurst Khotgoe are another famous coal mine in Mangolia.